Water potential and absorption

Water Potential

Definition: Water potential (Ψw) is the potential energy of water in a system compared to pure water, under reference conditions. It determines the direction of water movement.

Units: It is expressed in pressure units, usually megapascals (MPa).

Pure water at standard temperature and pressure has a water potential of zero.

Principle: Water always moves from a region of higher water potential (less negative) to a region of lower water potential (more negative).

Components of water potential (Ψw):

1. Solute potential (Ψs or Ψπ): Always negative; more solute → more negative value.
2. Pressure potential (Ψp): Positive when turgid, negative when under tension (e.g., xylem).
3. Matric potential (Ψm): Due to adhesion of water to surfaces (important in soils).

           So, Ψw = Ψs + Ψp + Ψm

Plant–Water Relationship (from absorption onwards)

1. Absorption of Water

• Root hairs are the main absorbing units.
• Water enters root hair cells by osmosis because their cell sap has lower (more negative) water potential than the surrounding soil solution.
• From there, water moves inward through the root cortex by three pathways:
  • Apoplast pathway (through cell walls, passive).
  • Symplast pathway (through cytoplasm via plasmodesmata).
  • Transmembrane/vacuolar pathway (through vacuoles).
• At the endodermis, Casparian strips block apoplast flow, forcing water into the symplast before it reaches the xylem.

2. Ascent of Water

• Water moves up the xylem mainly by transpiration pull (cohesion–tension theory).
• Cohesion (between water molecules) and adhesion (with xylem walls) maintain a continuous water column.
• Root pressure may also push water upwards but is minor compared to transpiration pull.

3. Transport to Tissues

• Once in the xylem, water is distributed to leaves, flowers, fruits, etc.
• Movement is governed by gradients of water potential.

4. Utilization in Leaves

• In mesophyll cells, water is used for photosynthesis, cell growth, and maintaining turgidity.
• Excess water evaporates into intercellular spaces and diffuses out through stomata (transpiration).

5. Water Potential Gradient in Whole Plant

Soil (highest Ψw) → Root hair → Cortex → Xylem → Mesophyll → Atmosphere (lowest Ψw).
This continuum of decreasing water potential drives water flow.

✅ In summary:

• Water potential explains the passive movement of water in plants.
• Water absorption begins in roots, then water ascends via xylem due to cohesion-tension, and finally moves to mesophyll where it is used or lost by transpiration.
• The entire process depends on a gradient of water potential from soil to atmosphere.

Role of Protein Kinases in the Cell Cycle

Protein kinases are vital regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle, orchestrating the highly ordered progression through its phases (G1, S, G2, and M) via phosphorylation-mediated signaling. The most central protein kinases in the cell cycle are the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), but others like protein kinase C (PKC), Polo-like kinases, and Aurora kinases also play important roles.

1. Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs): The Master Regulators

• CDKs are serine/threonine kinases activated by their binding partners, the cyclins. The expression and degradation of cyclins during the cell cycle ensures that CDK activity is precisely timed.
• Each CDK-cyclin complex acts at a specific cell cycle phase:
• G1 Phase: CDK4/6 with cyclin D is activated by growth signals and initiates phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), releasing transcription factors (E2F) needed for S phase entry.
• G1/S Transition: CDK2 with cyclin E completes pRb phosphorylation and drives the G1/S transition.
• S Phase: CDK2 with cyclin A initiates and maintains DNA replication.
• G2/M Transition and Mitosis: CDK1 (also called CDC2) with cyclin A and then cyclin B drives the cell into and through mitosis. Activation is tightly regulated by phosphorylation events and phosphatases (e.g., Cdc25-mediated dephosphorylation).
• CDK inhibition/activation is closely monitored by CDK inhibitors (CKIs), phosphorylation status, and controlled protein degradation, preventing unregulated division and ensuring genomic stability.

2. Other Key Protein Kinases in the Cell Cycle

• Protein Kinase C (PKC):
• PKCs are serine/threonine kinases implicated at several control points, especially during G1/S progression and the G2/M transition.
• PKC modulates CDK activity and phosphorylation of structural nuclear proteins like lamins, influencing nuclear envelope dynamics during mitosis.
• Polo-like and Aurora Kinases:
• Essential for spindle formation, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis during mitosis.
• Regulate the assembly/disassembly of various mitotic structures via carefully timed phosphorylation.

3. How Protein Kinases Orchestrate the Cell Cycle

• Cell Cycle Entry: External signals activate cyclin D-CDK4/6, launching the phosphorylation cascade for S phase preparation.
• Checkpoints: Kinase networks ensure checkpoints (G1/S, G2/M) are only passed if conditions are suitable (e.g., intact DNA).
• Mitosis Initiation and Progression: CDK1-cyclin B, Polo-like, Aurora, and PKC kinases together coordinate mitotic events.
• Feedback and Bistable Switches: Interlocking positive and negative feedback loops among kinases and phosphatases render transitions abrupt and irreversible.

4. Significance in Health and Disease

• Precise control of kinase activity ensures accurate cell division.
• Dysregulation (mutations, overexpression, or failed inhibition) of kinases is linked to cancer and other proliferative diseases, making kinases attractive drug targets.

Summary Table: Major Protein Kinases and Their Cell Cycle Functions

Phase/Transition	Main Kinase(s) (with Cyclins)	Function
Early G1	CDK4/6 + Cyclin D	pRb phosphorylation, start of cell cycle
G1/S Transition	CDK2 + Cyclin E	Finalize pRb phosphorylation, initiate DNA replication
S Phase	CDK2 + Cyclin A	DNA synthesis
G2/M Transition	CDK1 + Cyclin A, CDK1 + Cyclin B	Entry and progression through mitosis
M Phase/Spindle	Polo-like, Aurora Kinases, PKC	Chromosome segregation, cytokinesis

Oudemansiella mucida

Common name: Porcelain fungus

Family: Physalacriaceae

Description:

Cap: 2–8 cm in diameter, pure white, slimy or sticky (mucilaginous) surface, almost translucent, giving a porcelain-like shine.

Gills: White, crowded, attached to the stem.

Stem: Slender, white, often with a small ring; base covered in slime.

Spores: White spore print; ellipsoid spores.

Texture: Slimy when wet, smooth when dry.

Habitat:

Found mainly on dead or decaying beech trees (Fagus species).

Appears in late summer to autumn in temperate European forests.

Ecological role:

Saprotrophic — decomposes dead beech wood, helping nutrient cycling.

Special features:

Cap’s slimy coating helps prevent drying and protects against insect damage.

Not considered poisonous, but not commonly eaten because of the slime and small size.

Donald Trump – a billionaire Businessman

Mr. Donald Trump, the former President of the United States, is widely recognized not only as a political figure but also as a seasoned businessman. Before entering politics, he built a vast business empire through real estate development, hospitality, golf resorts, licensing deals, and media ventures. Even after his presidency, his business operations have continued to grow in certain sectors, allowing him to maintain significant earnings.

With decades of experience in the corporate world, Mr. Trump is well-versed in both the advantages and challenges of business. His deep understanding of market dynamics has often influenced his political and diplomatic strategies. Leveraging his brand and reputation, he has been known to approach international relations in a manner that reflects his business instincts—sometimes using negotiation tactics akin to “playing the Trump business card” to gain strategic advantages.

In recent times, his relationship with India has shown signs of strain. Mr. Trump has attempted to shape India’s policies in alignment with his own ideology and worldview. This has been perceived by some as an effort to make India more dependent on his perspectives, rather than maintaining a balanced partnership. His actions also indicate a desire to capture global attention and reinforce his position as a prominent figure on the world stage.

Mr. Donald Trump, the former President of the United States, is widely recognized not only as a political figure but also as a seasoned businessman. Before entering politics, he built a vast business empire through real estate development, hospitality, golf resorts, licensing deals, and media ventures. Even after his presidency, his business operations have continued to grow in certain sectors, allowing him to maintain significant earnings.

With decades of experience in the corporate world, Mr. Trump is well-versed in both the advantages and challenges of business. His deep understanding of market dynamics has often influenced his political and diplomatic strategies. Leveraging his brand and reputation, he has been known to approach international relations in a manner that reflects his business instincts—sometimes using negotiation tactics akin to “playing the Trump business card” to gain strategic advantages.

In recent times, his relationship with India has shown signs of strain. Mr. Trump has attempted to shape India’s policies in alignment with his own ideology and worldview. This has been perceived by some as an effort to make India more dependent on his perspectives, rather than maintaining a balanced partnership. His actions also indicate a desire to capture global attention and reinforce his position as a prominent figure on the world stage.

Let us see his business history at brief.

1970s – Early 1980s

• Joins The Trump Organization (family business) focusing on real estate.
• Develops the Grand Hyatt Hotel in NYC (1978) in partnership with Hyatt.
• Starts building Trump Tower (completed in 1983).

Mid–1980s – 1990s

• Expands into casinos: Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, Trump Taj Mahal (Atlantic City).
• Purchases Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida (1985).
• Buys the Eastern Air Shuttle airline (1989), rebranding it Trump Shuttle (later sold).
• Acquires Plaza Hotel in NYC (1990).

1990s – Early 2000s

• Faces multiple bankruptcies of casino and hotel properties.
• Focus shifts to licensing the Trump name to real estate projects worldwide.
• Launches Trump International Hotel & Tower brand in Chicago, Las Vegas, Toronto, etc.

2004 – 2015

• Hosts and produces reality show The Apprentice (NBC), boosting brand visibility.
• Expands into products: Trump Steaks, Trump Vodka, Trump University, Trump Home furnishings, Trump Ice water.
• Purchases or develops luxury golf resorts in the U.S., Scotland, and Ireland.

2015 – 2016

• Suspends most new business deals while campaigning for U.S. President.
• Sells Miss Universe Organization (2015).

2017 – 2021 (Presidency)

• Officially steps back from day-to-day operations; business run by his sons.
• Still earns from hotels, golf courses, and licensing deals.

Post-2021

• Resumes active business role in Trump Organization.
• Launches Truth Social (2022) via Trump Media & Technology Group.
• Continues operating hotels, golf courses, and real estate under the Trump brand.

পুনৰ ভাৰত-পাকিস্তানৰ যুদ্ধৰ সম্ভাৱনা

২২ এপ্ৰিল, ২০২৫। পেহেলগ্ৰামৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক মনোমোহা ৰম্যভূমিত পাকিস্তানৰ সন্ত্ৰাসবাদীয়ে ২৬ জন সিন্দু  তথা ২৫ জন ভাৰতীয়ৰ গোলিয়াই হত্য়া কৰা কথা কোনেও পাহৰিব পৰা নাই। সন্ত্ৰাসবাদীৰ ভূ-স্বৰ্গ পাকিস্তানৰ কুকৰ্ম আৰু তাৰ পাছতে ভাৰত-পাকিস্তানৰ লগতে বিশ্বজুৰি এক যুদ্ধসদৃশ পৰিৱেশৰ সূচনা হল যি আজিও ভাৰত-পাকিস্তানৰ চুবুৰীয়া দেশসমূহতো যুদ্ধৰ বাতৰি বা যুদ্ধৰ দৰে পৰিৱেশ এটাই চেপা উত্তেজনা এটাই সকলোকে চাপত ৰাখিছে। 

সন্ত্ৰাসবাদীৰ আক্ৰমণৰ পাছতেই মে মাহৰ ৭, ৮, ৯ আৰু ১০ ভাৰত আৰু পাকিস্তানৰ মাজত তয়াময়া যুদ্ধ হল। পাকিস্তানৰ ভিতৰত সোমাই ভাৰতৰ বায়ুসেনাই ১০ টাতকৈ অধিক স্থানত তচনচ কৰি দিলে। পাকিস্তান ধাৰাসায়ী হ'ল। তাৰ পাছতেই পাকিস্তানৰ ফালৰ পৰা যুদ্ধ বিৰতি অনুৰোধ আহিল। গোটেই ঘটনাৰ অন্য ফালে ঢাল ল'লে।

Asim Munir, says in a dinner meeting that "India is shining, a Mercedes coming on a highway like a Ferrari, but we are a dump truck full of gravel. If the truck hits the car, who is going to be the loser?

State Bank of India: বৃহৎ সংখ্যক পদত নিযুক্তি

State Bank of India ত কনিষ্ঠ সহযোগী (JUNIOR ASSOCIATES (CUSTOMER SUPPORT & SALES) পদৰ বাবে আবেদন বিচৰা হৈছে। মুঠ পদৰ সংখ্যা ৫৯৯০ টা। প্ৰত্য়েক ৰাজ্যৰ বাবে সুকীয়া সুকীয়া সংৰক্ষণ। অসমৰ বাবে আছে বিশেষ সংৰক্ষণ। অসমৰ বাহিৰেও বহিঃৰাজ্যত চাকৰি কৰাৰ সুযোগ।

অসমৰ বাবে আছে ৩১০ টা পদ। ইয়াৰে ১৪৫ টা একেবাৰে নতুন নিযুক্তি আৰু ১৭০ টা বেক লগ পদ। অৱসৰ প্ৰাপ্ত চাকৰিয়ালৰ বাবেও বিশেষ পদ। বিভিন্ন জাতি-জনগোষ্ঠীৰ বাবে সুকীয়া পদৰ সংৰক্ষণ।

অনলাইন যোগে হব পৰীক্ষা। নিদ্ধাৰিত কৰি দিয়া কেন্দ্ৰসমূহত দিব পাৰিব অনলাই পৰীক্ষা। 

অহা চেপ্তেম্বৰ মাহত হব প্ৰাৰম্ভিক পৰীক্ষা। নম্বেৱৰ মাহত হব ফাইনেল পৰীক্ষা।

বয়সঃ

বয়স ০১-০৪-২০২৫ ত ২০ বছৰ তলৰ আৰু ২৮ বছৰ অধিক হ'ব নালাগিব। জন্ম 02.04.1997 আৰু 01.04.2005 ভিতৰত হোৱা হ'ব লাগিব।   অৱশ্যে তলত দিয়াৰ দৰে বয়সৰ ৰেহাই আছে।

শিক্ষাগত অৰ্হতাঃ

যিকোনো ৰাজ্যিক বা কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা স্বীকৃতিপ্ৰাপ্ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় বা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অধীনৰ কলেজৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰীধাৰী হ'ব লাগিব। স্নাতক চূড়ান্ত বৰ্ষত পঢ়ি থকা শিক্ষাৰ্থী পৰীক্ষাত অৱতীণ হ'ব পাৰিব কিন্তু অহা ৩১ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০২৫ ত ফাইনেল পৰীক্ষাত উত্তীণ হোৱা প্ৰমাণ পত্ৰ দিব লাগিব।

দৰমহাঃ

PAY SCALE: Rs.24050-1340/3-28070-1650/3-33020-2000/4-41020-2340/7- 57400-4400/1-61800-2680/1-64480. 

প্ৰাৰম্ভিক দৰমহাঃ  Rs.26730/-

পৰীক্ষাৰ মাচুলঃ

    1. SC/ST/PwBD/XS/DXS      বিনামূলীয়া

    2. General/ OBC/ EWS   Rs. 750/-

আবেদন জমা কৰা পদ্ধতিঃ

১) প্ৰথমে প্ৰাৰ্থীজনে নিজৰ নাম পঞ্জীয়ন কৰিব লাগিব।

২) পঞ্জীয়ন কৰা পাছত নিদ্ধাৰিত পৰীক্ষাৰ মাচুল জমা কৰিব লাগিব।

৩. অনলাই (Online) যোগে আবেদন দিব লাগিব। আবেদন দাখিলৰ অন্তিম তাৰিখঃ ২৬-০৮-২০২৫

৪. নিজৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হৈ থকা ই-মেইল লাগিব।

৫. সক্ৰিয়া মবাইল নম্বৰ থাকিব লাগিব।

পঞ্জীয়ন

পঞ্জীয়ন কৰিবলৈ ইয়াত ক্লিক কৰক পঞ্জীয়ন

যদি ইতিমধ্য আবেদন জমা কৰিলে তেতিয়া ইয়াত লগইন কৰক Login

বিজ্ঞাপনৰ বিশদ বিৱৰণ চাবলৈ ইয়াত ক্লিক কৰক Click here

পৰীক্ষাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পৰা ভাষাঃ

অসমৰ প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলে অসমীয়া, বেঙ্গলী, ইংৰাজী আৰু হিন্দী ভাষাত দিব পাৰিব। 

প্ৰাৰ্থী নিৰ্বাচনঃ

অনলাইন যোগে বাচনি পৰীক্ষা হ'ব। প্ৰাৰম্ভিক পৰীক্ষা হ'ব অহা চেপ্তেম্বৰ মাহত। খুউব কম দিনৰ ভিতৰতে পৰীক্ষাৰ দিন ঘোষনা  হ'ব।

তলত দিয়া ধৰণে হ'ব প্ৰাৰম্ভিক পৰীক্ষা

প্ৰতিটো অশুদ্ধ উত্তৰৰ বাবে ১/৪ নম্বৰ কটা যাব।

দ্বিতীয় পৰ্য্যায়ৰ পৰীক্ষা নম্বেৱৰ মাহত হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা আছে। এইটো পৰীক্ষাও অনলাইনত হব।

তলত দিয়া ঘৰণে হ'ব প্ৰশ্ন কাকত।

দ্বিতীয় পৰ্য্যায়তো প্ৰতিটো অশুদ্ধ উত্তৰৰ বাবে ১/৪ নম্বৰ কটা যাব।

IB 3717 Officer Jobs

Intelligence Bureau Ministry of Affairs invites online applications from eligible candidates for the recruitment to the post of Assistant Central Intelligence Officer, Grade II/ Executive ACIO-II/Exe in IB, Government of India.

Important Dates:

Last Date of Online Application: 10-08-2025
Name of the Post and Number of Vacancies:
Assistant Central Intelligence Officer: 3717 Vacancies

Eligibility Criteria: The candidate must possess a Graduation Degree from Government recognized University. 

Age Limit: Candidates must have attained the minimum age of 18 years and must not have crossed the maximum age of 27 years as on 10-08-2025. However, relaxation in the upper age limit is applicable as per government directives.

Selection Process: The selection of candidates shall be based on a Written Examination followed by an Interview.

The written examination will consist of two tiers:

Tier-I and Tier-II. Candidates are required to secure a minimum of 33% marks (i.e., 17 out of 50 marks) in the Tier-II examination to qualify.
Based on the combined performance in Tier-I and Tier-II, candidates will be shortlisted for Tier-III/Interview. A final merit list for the post of ACIO-II/Executive will be prepared accordingly.
The final appointment shall be subject to successful verification of Character and Antecedents and clearance of the Medical Examination as per the rules and procedures in force.
Pay Scale: Pay Band Level - Rs. 44900- 142400
Application fee: Rs.650/- for all other candidates, Rs.550/- for Male candidates of UR, EWS, and OBC categories
SC/ ST/ EWS/ PwBD category candidates are exempted from paying the examination fee.
Candidates are suggested to pay the application fee online.
Application Mode: Online
How to Apply: Candidates are suggested to apply online through the official website of the Intelligence Bureau Ministry of Home Affairs at https://www.mha.gov.in/en

Click here to Apply

Click here to see the advertisement

1500 Job Vacancy at Indian Bank

Indian Bank invites application from suitable applicants for the fulfilment of 1500 Engagement of Apprentices under Apprentices Act, 1961 for F.Y 2025-26. 

Please see the following details to apply for the posts- 

Important Dates-

• Notification Date : 18 July 2025
  
• Application Start : 18 July 2025
  
• Last Date Apply Online : 07 August 2025
• Fee Payment Date : 07 August 2025
• Correction Date : As Per Schedule
  
• Admit Card : Notify Later
• Exam Date : Notify Later
• Result Date : Notify Later
• Candidates are Advised to Verify the details on the Official Website of Indian Bank.

Application fees

• Gen/ OBC/ EWS : ₹800/-
• SC/ ST/ PH : ₹175/-
• Pay the Examination Fee Through Credit Card, Debit Card, Net Banking/ Pay Offline Through E-Challan.

AGE LIMIT 2025 AS ON 01.07.2025

• Minimum Age : 20 Years.
  
• Maximum Age : 28 Years.
• For more complete information please read the Indian Bank Apprentice Notification 2025.

Job Vacancy: 500 Post

For more complete information please read the Indian Bank Apprentice Notification.

Qualification

Bachelor Degree in Any Stream OR Equivalent Eligibility From Any Recognized University/ Board/ Institutions in India With Knowledge of Local Language.
For more complete information kindly read the Indian Bank Apprentice Recruitment Exam Notification 2025.

Salary: Rs. 15000/month with other allowances as per govt. norms

Selection Process

The Selection Process for Indian Bank Apprentice Recruitment 2025 will be completed on the following phases –

• Written Exam.
• Local Language Test.
• Document Verification.
• Medical Examination.

How to Indian Bank Apprentice Recruitment 2025 Apply Online?

Indian Bank has started the indianbank.in Indian Bank Apprentice Recruitment 2025 from 18 July 2025 for Indian Bank Apprentice Bharti 2025. Follow these steps for Indian Bank Apprentice Online Registartion Application Form 2025 Link.

Important links

Application submission link Click here

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IBPS ত 10277 চাকৰি

বিভিন্ন বেংকত কাষ্টমাৰ চাৰ্ভিছ এছ'চিয়েট (Customer Service Associate) ৰ বাবে সৰ্বমুঠ 10277 পদৰ বাবে অনলাইন যোগে আবেদন বিচৰা হৈছে। আবেদনৰ বাবে ইতিমধ্যে অনলাইন পৰ্টেল মুকলি কৰা হৈছে। তলত ইয়াৰ বিশদ বিৱৰণ দিয়া হৈছে।

পদৰ নামঃ কাষ্টমাৰ চাৰ্ভিছ এছ'চিয়েট (Customer Service Associate)

পদৰ সংখ্যাঃ 10277

দৰমহাঃ 

        Rs. 24050.00 ৰ পৰা Rs. 64480.00 টকা লৈ    

Bank wise Vacant posts

        1. Bank of Baroda: 10 posts

        2. Punjab National Bank: 25 posts

        3. Canara Bank: 25 posts

        4. Union bank of India: 7 posts

        5. Bank of India: 10 posts

        6. Central Bank of India: 106 posts

        7. Bank of Maharashtra: 8 posts

8. Punjan and Sind Bank: 13 posts

বয়স Age

        As per 01-08-2025, the candidate must be between 20-28 years

শিক্ষাগত অৰ্হতা Educational qualifications

        1. Graduate from any discipline from a recognized university

        2. Knowledge of computers

আবেদনৰ মাচুল Application fee

        1. ST/SC/PWBD/Ex-Service Man Rs. 175/-

        2. Others Rs. 850

আবেদনৰ অন্তিম দিন Last date application: 21-08-2025

অনলাইন মাচুল দিয়াৰ তাৰিখ Online fee payment: 01-08-2025 to 21-08-2025

আপোনাৰ আবেদন প্ৰিন্ট লোৱাৰ অন্তিম দিন Last date for printing your application: 05-09-2025

পৰীক্ষাৰ তাৰিখ Date of Examination: October 2025. Date will be announced during the course

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ম'বাইল, ইন্টাৰনেট আৰু আজিৰ সমাজ

সময়ৰ লগত খাপ খোৱাই আগুৱাই যাওঁতে মানুহৰ জীৱন যাত্ৰাত নানা ধৰণৰ উপকৰণেৰে লগ দিয়েহি। প্ৰথম ভয়, অজ্ঞানতা আৰু ভৱিষ্যতে হ'ব পৰা অনাকাংশিত সমস্যাৰ কথা ভাৱি কিছু থমকি ৰ'লেও এদিন যেতিয়া সেই পদ্ধতিবোৰত সোমাই পৰা যায় আৰু তাৰ সৈতে মিলাই চলোতে এদিন সেইবোৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ হৈ পৰে। বৰ্তমান মানৱ সমাজে এনে বহু সামগ্ৰী নিজৰ জীৱন প্ৰণালীত সংযোগ কৰি লৈছে যাক এৰি চলিবলৈ প্ৰায় অসমৰ্থ হৈছে। আৰু এই সুযোগতে এনে সামগ্ৰীৰ সৈতে জড়িত উদ্ভাৱক, ব্যৱসায়ী, প্ৰচাৰক আদি সকলোৱে সুবিধা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে। 

বৰ্তমান মানুহৰ জীৱনযাত্ৰাত সংযোজন হৈ পৰা সামগ্ৰীবিধ হৈছে ম'বাইল ফোন আৰু এই ম'বাইল ফোনক অধিক কৰ্মক্ষম কৰিবলৈ সংযোজন হৈ পৰা ইন্টাৰনেট। এতিয়া হাতৰ মুঠিত লুকুৱাই থ'ব পৰা ম'বাইল ফোনটোত বিশ্বখন সুমুৱাই থোৱাৰ দৰে হৈ পৰিছে। এই দুইবিধ বস্তুক এৰি আজিৰ দিনত মানুহৰ নিত্য প্ৰয়োজীয় বহু কামেই অসৰ্ম্পূূণ হৈ ৰ'ব। কিন্তু ইমান সুবিধা থকাৰ পাছতো এইবোৰ বস্তুৰ কিমান যে ক্ষতিকাৰক দিশসমূহ লুকাই আছে চাওঁ আহক। 

এতিয়া ম'বাইল কেৱল কথা পতাই নহয় ম'বাইল হৈ পৰিছে "মাল্টি পাৰপাছ ইউটিলিটি ডিভাইচ" (Multi-purpose utility Device). ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বাতোতকৈ বেছি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা ক্ষেত্ৰবোৰ হৈছে সামাজিক মাধ্যম, ম'বাইল‌ গেমছ, ভিডিঅ' উল্লেখযোগ্য। যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলে বেছিকৈ ম'বাইল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। তেওঁলোকে দিনটোত গড়ে ৬-১১ ঘন্টা পৰ্য্যন্ত ইন্টাৰনেট যুক্ত ম'বাইল ফ'নত ব্যস্ত থাকি এক অলিক ৰ্ভাচুৱেল জগতত বিচৰণ কৰি ভাল পায়। যাৰ ফলত জীৱনৰ অতি মূল্যৱান সময়খিনি নষ্ট কৰি ভৱিষ্যতৰ জীৱনটো অন্ধকাৰ কৰি পেলোৱাৰ লগতে বৰ্তমানে মানসিক আৰু শাৰীৰিক সমস্যাই যুৱক চামক বাৰুকৈয়ে পীড়া কৰিছে। 

কেৱল যুৱক চামকে সামৰি কথাবোৰ ক'লে ইমান গ্ৰহণযোগ্য নহ'ব। এতিয়া সকলো স্তৰৰ লোককে কম-বেছি পৰিমাণে ম'বাইল ফ'নে গ্ৰাস কৰি পেলাইছে। অৱশ্যে কিছু লোকে ম'বাইল ফ'নৰ জৰিয়তে যথেষ্ট ভাল কাম কৰাৰো উদাহৰণ আমাৰ মাজতে আছে। ব্যৱসায় ক্ষেত্ৰত ব্যৱসায়ীসকলে প্ৰত্যক্ষভাৱে গ্ৰাহকৰ কাষ চাপিব পাৰিছে। ই-কৰ্মাচে এই ক্ষেত্ৰত অভূতপূৰ্ব সফলতা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছে।