There is a significant difference in size between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.
Prokaryotic DNA
- Size: Prokaryotic DNA is generally much smaller, typically less than 5 megabases (Mb) in size. For example, the genome of E. coli is approximately 4.6 Mb, which contains around 4,288 genes.
- Structure: It is usually found in a single circular DNA molecule, located in the nucleoid region of the cell, and may also include smaller plasmids.
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| Prokaryotic DNA |
- Size: Eukaryotic DNA is considerably larger, often exceeding 1 picogram (pg) and can reach sizes of several hundred megabases. For instance, the human genome is about 3,000 Mb, containing approximately 20,000-25,000 genes.
- Structure: Eukaryotic DNA is linear and organized into multiple chromosomes, which are compacted with histone proteins to form chromatin within the nucleus.
While prokaryotic DNA is smaller and circular, eukaryotic DNA is larger, linear, and organized into chromosomes, reflecting the greater complexity of eukaryotic organisms.
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| Eukaryotic DNA |
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