Career: The Dark and White Side of Amitabh Bachchan – An Inspiration for Students

In the grand tapestry of Indian cinema, Amitabh Bachchan stands as a towering figure—not just because of his deep baritone voice or legendary performances, but because of his resilience. His journey, filled with both bright triumphs and dark setbacks, is a story every student must learn from. It’s not just the story of a superstar, but of a man who fell, rose again, and kept rising—with humility and hard work.

The White Side: Fame, Glory, and Timeless Stardom

Amitabh Bachchan rose to prominence in the 1970s with films like Zanjeer, Sholay, and Deewar. He was soon hailed as the “Angry Young Man” of Bollywood—a voice for the frustrated youth. His towering presence, unmatched acting skills, and powerful dialogue delivery made him a national icon.

In the following decades, he gave numerous blockbusters, won multiple National Awards, Filmfare Awards, and received India’s highest civilian honors like the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan. He became a global figure, not just an Indian legend.

But what makes his story truly inspiring is not the fame—but how he dealt with failure.

The Dark Side: Rejections, Failures, and Bankruptcy

Not many know that Amitabh Bachchan faced serious failures early in his career. He was rejected multiple times for his voice and appearance. When he started, he was told: "You don’t look like a hero." But he did not quit.

Even after his massive success, life tested him. In the late 1990s, his production company ABCL (Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd.) failed, and he went into massive debt. People wrote him off. Critics said his career was over.

Imagine the pressure. A man who ruled the industry was now struggling to pay bills.

But he didn’t give up.

With unmatched humility, he returned to acting. He accepted roles on television, most notably "Kaun Banega Crorepati", which revived his popularity and finances. He proved that no work is small if done with dignity.

Lessons for Students:

1. Failure is not the end. It is a pause, not a full stop. Like Amitabh Bachchan, fall but rise stronger.
2. Rejections are redirections. The world rejected his voice—but that voice later became his signature.
3. Keep reinventing yourself. When Bollywood rejected him, he tried television. When television worked, he tried even more roles. He never stayed stuck.
4. Stay grounded. Even after fame, Amitabh Bachchan is known for his discipline, punctuality, and humility. Character matters as much as talent.
5. Hard work never goes unnoticed. He works relentlessly even today, despite age or health issues.

Conclusion

Amitabh Bachchan's story is not just of cinematic brilliance—it is a masterclass in resilience, self-belief, and constant self-improvement. Students today are under immense pressure—from exams, choices, failures, and fear of judgment. But if the Big B of Bollywood can rise from rejection, illness, and bankruptcy to become a living legend, so can you.

Remember his words:

“Bad luck either destroys you or makes you. I was destroyed, but I fought back.”

Let that be your mantra. Fight back, rise again, and become unstoppable.

Enhancement of Academic Performance by a College Student

In the journey of higher education, academic performance is not just a reflection of grades—it's a mirror of dedication, discipline, and direction. For a college student, the path to excellence is paved with focus, strategy, and the will to rise above distractions. In a world full of competition and noise, enhancing academic performance is both a challenge and a choice.

First and foremost, clarity of goals is the foundation. A student must know why they are studying, not just what they are studying. A clear purpose drives passion. Whether the goal is to become a researcher, an entrepreneur, a civil servant, or a subject expert, this vision fuels daily efforts and keeps procrastination at bay.

Time management is the next pillar. College life offers freedom—but with freedom comes responsibility. Creating a daily study plan, prioritizing tasks, and avoiding last-minute preparations can transform average students into top performers. The key is consistency, not cramming.

Effective study techniques also play a crucial role. Active learning—through mind mapping, summarizing, peer discussions, and self-testing—enhances memory and understanding far better than passive reading. Additionally, embracing digital tools like educational apps, online lectures, and academic journals can broaden one's perspective and sharpen critical thinking.

However, performance is not just mental—it’s physical and emotional too. A healthy body supports a healthy mind. Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a balanced diet are as important as textbooks. Equally, managing stress through meditation, hobbies, or simply sharing concerns with mentors or friends prevents burnout and fosters emotional resilience.

Seeking help when needed is a sign of strength, not weakness. Whether it's clarifying doubts with teachers, joining study groups, or using campus resources like libraries and academic counseling, students should be proactive in seeking support.

Finally, self-discipline and integrity are non-negotiable. Academic excellence achieved by shortcuts is short-lived. True success lies in honest efforts, regular self-reflection, and a commitment to lifelong learning.

In conclusion, enhancing academic performance is not about being the best in the class—it’s about being a better version of yourself every day. It’s about realizing that excellence is not an act, but a habit. For every college student, this journey of growth begins with a single step—and that step is choice. The choice to learn, to strive, and to shine.

জীৱনৰ সফলতাৰ মন্ত্ৰ

জীৱনত কেৱল সফলতাৰ কথা ভাৱিলে বিফলতাৰ বেদনাই জীৱন থমকাই পেলাব পাৰে। সেইবাবে আমি কেৱল সফল হ’ম বুলিয়েই স্থিতপ্ৰজ্ঞ হৈ থাকিলে বিফলতাৰ পৰা একো শিকিব নোৱাৰিম। জীৱনত সফলতা পাবলৈ নিজৰ মনোবল শক্তিশালী কৰি কাম কৰি গ’লেই এদিন সফলতাই আকাশ চুব পাৰি। সফলতাৰ চূড়ান্ত পৰ্য্যায় পোৱাৰ পাছতো কিন্তু নিজৰ কামৰ পৰা আতৰি আহিব নালাগিব। কাৰণ সফলতাৰ সোৱাদ কেৱল কামৰ দ্বাৰাইহে পোৱা যায়।

মানুহৰ জীৱনৰ প্ৰত্যেক স্তৰতে কিছুমান কাম কৰাৰ সময় আৰু সুযোগ-সুবিধা আহে। নিজৰ দক্ষতা আৰু বয়স অনুযায়ী কামবোৰ ভগাই ল’ব জানিলে গোটেই জীৱনটো প্ৰচুৰ্যপূৰ্ণ কৰি তুলিব পাৰি।

আমি কেৱল সফল মানুহবোৰৰ সফল কাহিলীবোৰ পঢ়িলে বা জানিলে আমাৰ জীৱনত সফলতা নাহিবও পাৰে। আমি পৃথিৱীৰ ধনী আৰু সফল ব্যক্তি বোৰৰ বিফল কাহিনীবোৰ পঢ়িলে বেছিকৈ অনুপ্ৰাণিত হ’ব পাৰোঁ।  এই সকলৰ ভিতৰত চীন দেশৰ জেক মাৰ কথা ক’ব পাৰোঁ। আলিবাবাৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক আৰু CEO জেক মা যেতিয়া যুৱক আছিল, তেওঁ ৩০ ৰো অধিক চাকৰিত আবেদন কৰিছিল, কিন্তু সকলোতে চাকৰিৰ পৰা বঞ্চিত হৈছিল। কিন্তু আজিৰ দিনত, ৬০ বছৰীয়া জেক মাৰ ই-কমাৰ্চ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান আলিবাবাৰ মূল্য ৫১৯ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ, যদিও তেওঁ ৩০ বছৰতহে পেচাগতভাৱে সফলতা লাভ কৰিবলৈ ধৰিছিল।

ছুইজাৰলেণ্ডৰ ডাভ’চত অনুষ্ঠিত ৱৰ্ল্ড ইকনমিক ফ’ৰামৰ বাৰ্ষিক সভাত অংশ লোৱা যুৱ নেতাসকলক উদ্দেশি জেক মাই কৈছিল “জীৱনত আপুনি কিমান ধন উপাৰ্জন কৰিলে সেয়া গুৰুত্বপূর্ণ নহয়, আপুনি কিমান কষ্টেৰে দিন আৰু ভুলৰ মাজেৰে পাৰ হৈ আহিছে – সেয়াহে বেছি গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ,” মায়ে আৰু কৈছিল “যদি আপুনি সফল হ’ব খোজে, তেন্তে আনৰ ভুলৰ পৰা শিকক, সফলতাৰ কাহিনীৰ পৰা নহয়।”

সময় মানুহৰ মূল্যবান সম্পদ। যদি ইয়াক সৎ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয় মানুহে জীৱনত বহুতো ভাল কাম কৰিব পাৰি। যুৱ গ্ল’বেল লিডাৰ্ছ নেটৱৰ্কৰ এজন সদস্য হিচাপে, মা-য়ে জীৱনত বয়সৰ লগে লগে কোনকেইটা বিষয়ত গুৰুত্ব দি কাম কৰিব লাগে তাৰো সুন্দৰ ব্যাখ্যা দি নৱ-প্ৰজন্মক অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে।

তেখেতে কৈছে- “আপুনি যেতিয়া ২০ ৰ পৰা ৩০ বছৰ বয়সত থাকে, এজন ভাল মালিকৰ অধীনত কাম কৰক, এখন ভাল প্ৰতিষ্ঠানত যোগদান কৰক, আৰু কেনেদৰে কাম বেছিকৈ শুদ্ধভাৱে কৰিব পাৰে সেয়া শিকি লওক,”।

তেওঁ লগতে কৈছিল “আপুনি যেতিয়া ৩০ ৰ পৰা ৪০ বছৰ বয়সত থাকে, যদি নিজে কোনো কাম আৰম্ভ কৰিব খোজে, তেন্তে আৰম্ভ কৰক। এই সময়ত আপুনি হেৰুৱাব পাৰিব, বিফল হ’ব পাৰিব। অৰ্থ এইটো যে এই খিনি সময়ত আপুনি ভুল কৰিলে শুদ্ধৰাব পাৰিব। কাম শিকিব পাৰিব। কাৰণ আপোনাৰ হাতত এতিয়াও যথেষ্ট সময় আছে।

তাৰ পিছতেই, মা-এ যুৱকসকলক পৰামৰ্শ দিছিল যে এই ৪০ বছৰ সময়ৰ পিছত মানুহে স্থিতিশীলতা, পৰিয়াল আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী প্ৰজন্মৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব দিয়া উচিত।

“আপুনি যেতিয়া ৪০ ৰ পৰা ৫০ বছৰ বয়সত থাকে, তেন্তে তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শ হৈছে – যিবোৰ কামত আপুনি আগতেই নিপুণ, সেই কামবোৰতহে মনোযোগ দিয়ক।” এই সময়ছোৱাত নতুনকৈ কিবা শিকি সফলতা লাভ কৰিবলৈ যথেষ্ট পলম হৈ যায়।

মা য়ে কৈছিল “যেতিয়া ৫০ ৰ পৰা ৬০ বছৰ বয়স হ’ব, তেতিয়া সময় খৰচ কৰক যুৱপ্ৰজন্মক প্ৰশিক্ষণ দিয়াত, তেওঁলোকক বিকাশ কৰাত,।” ৬০ বছৰৰ পিছত, আপোনাৰ নাতি-নাতনীৰ সৈতে থাকি জীৱনটো উপভোগ কৰক।” জীৱনৰ শেষৰ এই সময়খিনি মানসিকভাৱে সুস্থিৰ হৈ থকাটো খুবেই দৰকাৰী বুলি মা এ কৈছিল।

মা-এ কৈছিল, ২০ আৰু ৩০ বছৰীয়া লোকসকল “সকলোতকৈ সৌভাগ্যবান” কাৰণ তেওঁলোকে জীৱনত বহুত কিবা কিবি শিকিব পৰাকৈ সময় আৰু সুবিধা থাকে। গতিকে জীৱনৰ এই সময়ছোৱাত যদি ভাল কাম শিকি লোৱা হয় ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱ গোটেই জীৱনটোতে পৰিব। জীৱনটো সমৃদ্ধিশালী কৰি তুলিব।

মা-এ কৈছিল – আপোনাৰ লক্ষ্য আৰু আশা আপোনাৰ নিজৰ ভিতৰৰ পৰা স্থিৰ কৰক। তেওঁ এই কথা কৈছিল যে, তেওঁৰ ১০ বছৰৰ লক্ষ্য কল্পনা কৰাটো তেওঁৰ বাবে এক সফল পদ্ধতি আছিল।

তেখেতে কৈছিল “যুৱ অৱস্থাত — আৰু এতিয়াও — মই কেতিয়াও ভৱাও নাছিলো যে মই এতিয়াৰ দৰে হ'ম,” কিন্তু মোৰ কৰ্ম ফলত আজি এইয়া হৈছো। “যেতিয়া মই অতীতলৈ চাইছো, মই যিবোৰ সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিলোঁ, সেয়া মোৰ বাবে আশীৰ্বাদ হ’ল।”

মা এ জীৱনত বহু বাৰ বিফল হৈছিল। এটা চাকৰি যোগাৰ কৰিবলৈ ৩০ ৰো অধিকবাৰ আবেদন কৰি সাক্ষাৎকাৰত বহিছিল, কিন্তু সকলোতে বঞ্চিত হৈছিল। KFC-ৰ চাকৰিৰ বাবে ২৪ জনৰ সৈতে সাক্ষাৎকাৰত অংশ ল’লে, ২৩ জনক লোৱা হ’ল, আৰু একমাত্ৰ বঞ্চিত হোৱা প্ৰাৰ্থীজন আছিল তেওঁ, মানে জেক মা। তথাপি তেওঁ হতাশ হৈ ভাগি পৰা নাছিল। চেষ্টা সদায়ে অব্যাহত আছিল।

মা এ আৰু কৈছিল, তেওঁ এগৰাকী “পুলিচ” হোৱাৰ বাবে ৫ গৰাকী ব্যক্তিৰ সৈতে আবেদন কৰিছিল, কিন্তু তেওঁৰ বাহিৰে বাকী আটাইকেইজনে চাকৰি পালে, তেওঁৰ নাম বাদ পৰিল। আৰু এটা আমোদজনক ঘটনা ঘটিছিল মাৰ লগত। তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাইয়েক এজনে ৪-ষ্টাৰ হোটেলত ৱেটাৰ হ’বলৈ আবেদন কৰিছিল। দুয়ো দুই ঘণ্টা ধৰি দীঘল শাৰীত অপেক্ষা কৰি সাক্ষাৎকাৰত বহিল। কিন্তু তেওঁৰ ককাইয়েকক চাকৰি দিয়া হ’ল, আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ বঞ্চিত হ’ল।

সকলো পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ স্বাভাৱিক স্বভাৱৰ দৰেই তেওঁৰ বিফলতাক লৈ তেওঁৰ মাকে তেওঁৰ বাবে বহুত দুখ পাইছিল, কিন্তু তেওঁ অকনো ভাগি পৰা নাছিল। মা য়ে ভাৱি লৈছিল এই সকলোবোৰ তেওঁৰ বাবে এক প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম। প্ৰতিটো বিফলতাৰ পৰাই মা য়ে শিকিছিল সফলতাৰ মন্ত্ৰ। অসমীয়াত এষাৰ কথা আছে মানুহে দেখি শিকে আৰু থেকি শিকে- সেয়াই যেন হৈছিল মা ৰ জীৱনত।

যদিও তেওঁ ৩০ বছৰৰ আগলৈ নিজকে বিফল বুলি অনুভৱ কৰিছিল, তথাপি মা এ ভাগি পৰা বাদেই দুগুণ উদ্যমেৰে কাম কৰিছিল, নিজক প্ৰস্তুত কৰিছিল। তেওঁ নিজৰ মাজত প্ৰতিযোগিতা কৰিছিল। তেওঁ পৰৰ্ৱতী ১০ বছৰত কি কি কাম কৰি কেনেকৈ কি কি লাভ কৰিব খোজে সেই লক্ষ্য পূৰণৰ বাবে সকলো কৰিছিল।

মাই আৰু কৈছিল “আপুনি যিমান বুদ্ধিমান নহওঁক, ভুল হবই,”। “আপুনি ভুলৰ পৰা শিকিব, সেইবাবে সেই ভুল পুনৰ নহ’ব। যদি সেই ভুল বা কষ্ট আকৌ আহে, তেতিয়া আপুনি কেনেদৰে সন্মুখীন হ’ব, কেনেদৰে মোকাবিলা কৰিব – সেইটো শিকিব সেই ভুলৰ পৰা।” তেওঁৰ মতে ভুল কৰাটো ভুল নহয়, ভুলৰ পৰা মানুহে শিকে। ভুলৰ পৰা শিকিব জনা মানুহ বহুত বেছি শক্তিশালী হয়।

আমি জীৱনত সফলতা লাভ কৰিবলৈ প্ৰথমে কাম কৰাৰ সুদৃঢ় মন এটা গঢ়িব লাগিব। মনটো যেতিয়া দৃঢ় হয় বিফলতাই আমাক পফভ্ৰষ্ট কৰিব নোৱাৰে বা সফলতাই আমাক উন্মাদ কৰিব নোৱাৰে। এই দৃঢ় মন গঢ় দিবলৈ আমি এজন ভাল ব্যক্তিক অনুসৰণ কৰিব পাৰো, সুবিধা পালে কথা পাতিব পাৰোঁ। ভাল ব্যক্তিজন আপোনাৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃ, শিক্ষক, ভাল মালিকো হ’ব পাৰে যাৰ ওচৰত আমি নিৰাপদ অনুভৱ কৰোঁ, কৰ্মস্পৃহাই আৰ্কষিত কৰে, ভাল পৰামৰ্শই মনত আশাৰ বীজ ৰোপণ কৰে। কেতিয়াবা ভাল বন্ধুও জীৱনত সফল হোৱাত সহায় কৰে।

গতিকে জীৱনত সফল হ’বলৈ আমি নিজেই আমাৰ নিজৰ মাজৰ পৰা নিজক প্ৰথমে জগাই তুলিব লাগিব। সৰু সৰু সফলতাই এদিন জীৱনটো ডাঙৰ এখন ক্ষেত্ৰলৈ লৈ যায়। সফলতাই আকাশ চুমি যায়। 

How to Achieve Goals – A Message to My Students

Today I want to say to you about something very important—not just for your academic journey, but for your entire life: how to achieve your goals.

Each of you has dreams and ambitions. Some of you may want to become a doctor, a teacher, a researcher, an entrepreneur, or pursue a creative field. No matter what your dream is, the path to achieving it starts with one simple thing—clarity. You must know what you truly want. Once your goal is clear, you have taken the first big step in the right direction.

Now, having a goal is not enough. You need a plan of action. As college students, you have many responsibilities—classes, assignments, exams, and perhaps even part-time jobs or household work you may need to do. That’s why time management becomes your best friend. Start planning your days. Use a calendar, make to-do lists, and always prioritize your tasks. Remember, successful people don’t do more things—they do the right things.

But even with a perfect plan, you’ll have days when you feel tired or unmotivated. That’s where discipline comes in. Motivation may get you started, but discipline keeps you going. Create a routine, and stick to it. And don’t forget to surround yourself with people who support your goals—friends who encourage you, teachers who guide you, and family members who believe in you.

Another tip I want to give you is this: break your goals into smaller steps. If your dream seems too big, start small. Want to write a research paper or an article? Start by reading one article. Want to improve your English? Start with five new words a day. These small efforts, done consistently, lead to big results.

Also, don’t be afraid of failure. Yes, you may fall short at times. You may feel discouraged. But failure is not the opposite of success—it is a part of it. Learn from your mistakes, adjust your strategy, and try again. Every successful person has failed at some point, but they didn’t give up.

Lastly, I want you to take care of yourselves. A healthy mind and body are necessary for any kind of success. Get enough sleep, eat well, exercise, and take time to relax. A peaceful and positive mind works much better than a tired or stressed one.

To conclude, my dear student friends, remember that achieving goals is not about luck—it’s about vision, effort, and perseverance. Believe in yourself, work hard, and stay committed. I truly believe that each of you has the potential to achieve great things.

Thank you, and keep moving forward with confidence!

The Power of Rising Early: How Waking Up at 5 AM Can Transform Your College Life

College is a time of growth, opportunity, and challenge. Many students struggle to balance academics, extracurricular activities, and personal life. But what if there was a simple habit that could help you achieve more, feel better, and set you on the path to long-term success? That habit is getting up at 5 AM.

Why Wake Up at 5 AM?

Waking up early is a common trait among successful people. From CEOs to athletes, many attribute their productivity and achievements to an early start. Here’s why:

• Quiet, Undisturbed Time: Early mornings are peaceful. No distractions from social media, friends, or roommates.
• Boosted Productivity: Studies show that our minds are fresher and more focused after a good night’s sleep.
• Time for Self-Improvement: You can dedicate time to reading, exercise, or planning your day.
• Reduced Stress: Starting your day early gives you a head start, reducing the anxiety of rushing.

How to Build the 5 AM Habit

Forming a new habit isn’t easy, but with the right approach, you can make it stick.

1. Set a Clear Goal

Decide why you want to wake up early. Is it to improve your grades, develop a new skill, or simply have more time for yourself? A clear purpose will keep you motivated.

2. Gradually Adjust Your Schedule

Don’t try to make a drastic change overnight. If you currently wake up at 8 AM, start by waking up 15-30 minutes earlier each day until you reach your goal.

3. Create a Nighttime Routine

Go to bed early enough to get at least 7 hours of sleep. Avoid screens an hour before bed, and try reading or meditating to wind down.

4. Plan Your Morning

Have a set plan for what you’ll do when you wake up. This could include:

• Reading textbooks or novels
• Reviewing notes or preparing for exams
• Exercising or stretching
• Meditating or journaling
• Planning your day

5. Stay Consistent

Consistency is key. Even on weekends, try to stick to your routine. It will help your body clock adjust and make waking up early easier.

Activities to Maximize Your Morning

Here’s how you can structure your morning for maximum benefit:

Time	Activity	Purpose
5:00 – 5:15	Hydrate & Freshen Up	Wake up your body
5:15 – 5:45	Exercise or Stretching	Boost energy and focus
5:45 – 6:30	Reading/Studying	Deep focus learning
6:30 – 7:00	Journaling/Planning	Set goals and intentions
7:00 – 7:30	Healthy Breakfast	Fuel your day

Benefits You’ll Notice

• Improved Grades: More time for focused study and revision
• Better Health: Regular exercise and proper sleep
• Personal Growth: Time for reading, reflection, and new hobbies
• Confidence: Achieving your goals builds self-belief

Final Thoughts

Waking up at 5 AM is not just about getting up early—it’s about taking control of your life. It’s about discipline, self-respect, and the desire to make the most of each day. Start small, stay consistent, and watch as this one habit opens doors to countless opportunities.

Remember: The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step—or, in this case, a single early morning. Try it for a month and see the difference it makes!

The Vital Role of Summer Vacation in Rejuvenation and Environmental Stewardship

Summer vacation holds immense significance for both students and teachers as a much-needed period to rejuvenate after months of rigorous academic work and teaching. This break offers a perfect opportunity to refresh the mind and body, promoting mental, physical, emotional, and social well-being. Many choose to spend this time visiting scenic and tranquil places, which helps to relieve stress and foster a positive outlook. However, beyond relaxation, summer vacation presents a unique chance for students to engage deeply with nature—a teacher unlike any other.

Nature imparts invaluable lessons that cannot be learned solely from textbooks. The summer season is especially vibrant, with plants thriving vigorously, seeds germinating, and new life blossoming all around. This natural phenomenon provides an ideal setting for students to actively participate in environmental care by planting trees and nurturing them. Planting trees is not just an act of beautification; it is a profound contribution to the planet’s health and sustainability.

Engaging students in planting trees during their summer break encourages a sense of responsibility and connection with the environment. It teaches patience, care, and the importance of nurturing life. Moreover, caring for these young trees—watering them regularly, protecting them from harm caused by animals such as cows or other herbivores, and ensuring they grow strong—instills lifelong values of stewardship and respect for nature.

Unused or barren lands around homes, schools, or communities can be transformed into green spaces by sowing seeds or planting saplings. Such efforts help combat environmental degradation, improve air quality, and provide habitats for various species. The act of nurturing a tree from a fragile sapling to a sturdy plant is a rewarding experience that fosters environmental consciousness and a sense of accomplishment among students.

In conclusion, summer vacation is not only a time for rest and relaxation but also an opportunity to cultivate a deeper relationship with the natural world. By planting and caring for trees, students contribute meaningfully to the environment while learning essential life skills. This harmonious blend of rejuvenation and environmental responsibility makes summer vacation truly enriching and impactful.

Public Speaking is a Skill

Public speaking is not just about standing on a stage and speaking in front of a crowd. It is a powerful tool to express our thoughts, share our ideas, and connect with people. Whether you're in school, college, or at a workplace in the future, the ability to speak confidently in public will help you stand out and succeed.

But let me be honest — public speaking is not easy for everyone. In fact, many people feel nervous or scared when they have to speak in front of others. This fear is normal. Even the greatest speakers in history faced it. The good news is that public speaking is a skill — and skills can be learned and improved.

Here are a few things our students can do to become better public speakers:

1. Practice regularly – Speak in front of a mirror or with friends.

2. Know your topic well – The more you understand what you are saying, the more confident you’ll feel.

3. Make eye contact – It builds trust and keeps your audience engaged.

4. Speak clearly and slowly – Rushing can make you hard to understand and shows nervousness.

5. Believe in yourself – Confidence is the key. Everyone makes mistakes — don’t let that stop you.

Public speaking also improves our communication skills, boosts self-confidence, and teaches us how to handle pressure.

So, dear student friends, let us take every opportunity we get — whether it's a morning assembly, a classroom presentation, or a speech competition — to practice public speaking. Let us turn our fear into strength and become the voices of the future.

Thank you and have a wonderful day!

A Meaningful Beginning to Every Day

Each day holds the promise of greatness—if only we know how to begin it right. When the mind and soul align, our potential knows no bounds, and our efforts take on a purpose far deeper than routine. One of the most powerful yet gentle ways to harmonize our inner being is through morning prayer—a spiritual practice that connects us to a higher consciousness, preparing us for the challenges and blessings of the day ahead.

While this sacred tradition is commonly observed in schools, it is often forgotten in the corridors of higher education. However, Namrup College stands as a heartening exception. Here, every morning from 9:00 to 9:15 AM, a serene and unifying ritual takes place—students, teaching, and non-teaching staff assemble together in prayer. It is more than just a daily routine; it is a celebration of India’s timeless culture, its spiritual heritage, and the values that shape character and community.

This collective practice of prayer fosters a sense of belonging, discipline, and moral grounding among everyone involved. It sets the tone for a day filled with purpose, peace, and productivity. In an age where the rush of modern life often overshadows reflection and inner stillness, Namrup College shines as a beacon, showing that tradition and progress can walk hand in hand.

Such an environment not only nurtures the intellect but also the spirit—laying the foundation for truly holistic education. It is indeed commendable and inspiring, a model worthy of emulation by institutions across the nation.

Let us remember: When we begin with gratitude and grace, the rest of the day naturally aligns with goodness.

Evolution

 Definition of Evolution

• Evolution is the process by which living things change and adapt over a long period of time.
• These changes happen slowly, over many generations, and help plants and animals survive better in their environment.

Example:

• Giraffes with slightly longer necks could reach leaves on tall trees more easily. Over many generations, giraffes with longer necks survived better and had more babies, so most giraffes today have long necks.
• Another example is the peppered moth: Before factories, most moths were light-colored to blend in with trees. When pollution darkened the trees, darker moths survived better and became more common.

Origin of Life

·         Observing Stars and Universe:

o    Viewing stars is like looking into the past due to the time light takes to reach Earth.

o    Universe is vast and ancient (~20 billion years old); Earth is a tiny part of it.

·         Big Bang Theory:

o    Universe began with a massive explosion (Big Bang).

o    Expansion led to cooling; hydrogen and helium formed, later condensing into galaxies.

·         Formation of Earth:

o    Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago in the solar system.

o    Early Earth lacked an atmosphere; surface covered by water vapor, methane, CO₂, and ammonia.

o    UV rays split water; lighter hydrogen escaped, oxygen formed water and CO₂.

o    Ozone layer developed; cooling led to rain and ocean formation.

·         Origin of Life:

o    Life appeared about 500 million years after Earth formed (~4 billion years ago).

o    Panspermia Hypothesis: Some believe life came from outer space via spores.

o    Spontaneous Generation Theory: Life from decaying matter (disproved by Louis Pasteur).

o    Pasteur’s experiments showed life only comes from pre-existing life.

·         Chemical Evolution Theory:

o    Oparin (Russia) and Haldane (England): Life arose from non-living organic molecules (e.g., RNA, proteins).

o    Early Earth conditions: High temperature, volcanic activity, reducing atmosphere (CH₄, NH₃).

·         Miller-Urey Experiment (1953):

o    S.L. Miller simulated early Earth conditions in the lab.

o    Electric discharge in a mixture of CH₄, H₂, NH₃, and water vapor at 800°C produced amino acids.

o    Other experiments produced sugars, nitrogen bases, pigments, and fats.

o    Meteorites also contain similar organic compounds.

·         First Life Forms:

o    First non-cellular life forms (giant molecules: RNA, proteins) may have appeared ~3 billion years ago.

o    First cellular life forms (single cells) appeared ~2 billion years ago, all aquatic.

·         Current Understanding:

o    Most scientists accept abiogenesis: life arose gradually from non-living molecules via chemical evolution.

o    The transition from simple molecules to complex biodiversity is a key topic for further study.

Theory of Special Creation 

• All species were created as they are today.
• Diversity of life has always remained the same and will not change.
• Earth is about 4000 years old.

Challenges to Special Creation

• 19th-century scientists questioned these ideas.
• Charles Darwin’s observations during H.M.S. Beagle voyage:
• Living forms share similarities with each other and with extinct species.
• Many life forms have gone extinct; new forms have appeared over time.

Other Contributors

• Alfred Wallace reached similar conclusions as Darwin.

Key Conclusions

• New types of organisms have appeared over time.
• All life forms share similarities and common ancestors.
• Ancestors lived during different geological periods (epochs, eras).
• Earth is billions of years old, not just thousands.

Tools and Implements in Horticultural works

The tools and equipment used in agricultural works can be divided in to two types

A. Plough Implements and

B. Other implements/equipment

The brief explanation of each implements are described below-

Plough Implements

Implements (Tools) used for preparation of Land Modern machines and tools have made growing flowers easier and more profitable. Farmers use these machines because of problems like bad weather, not enough skilled workers, and lack of time. Using machines helps finish work faster, saves money on workers, and can be used anytime. New and advanced tools make it easier to grow different crops. 

The following tools/equipments are used for ploughing of land in agricultural activities- 

1. Mouldboard Plough: 

The mouldboard plough is made from carbon steel or steel alloy. Its base is shaped like a right-angled triangle. The size of the furrow it creates depends on the size of the plough, and it can open a furrow about 20 cm wide. This plough turns over soil slices on only one

Mouldboard Plough

2. Disc plough

Disc ploughs consist of large, rotating steel discs that cut, turn, and break up soil, making them ideal for tough soil conditions. They are heavier than other plough types and leave the soil rough, but are essential for effective primary tillage in a variety of soils.

Points to be noted-

• A disc plough is an agricultural implement made up of moving, circular steel discs of varying sizes, typically ranging from 50 to 90 cm in diameter.

• The discs are mounted on bearings and specified by their diameter and thickness (for example, 26 x 3/16 inches, where 26 inches is the diameter and 3/16 inch is the thickness).

• When in operation, the rotating discs cut, turn, and break the furrow slices, effectively lifting, pulverizing, and partially inverting the soil to one side.

• Disc ploughs are particularly effective in sticky, hard, and dry soils, where other ploughs like the mouldboard plough may not work well.

• The implement is much heavier than mouldboard ploughs and tends to leave the soil surface rough and cloddy after ploughing.

• Disc ploughs can ride over stones or stumps instead of trying to uproot them, making them suitable for fields with obstacles.

• They are commonly used for primary tillage, preparing the soil for planting by breaking up and turning over the upper soil layer, and are especially useful after harvesting when the ground is hard.

• Depth of cut is usually about one-third of the disc diameter, and width of cut is about 0.4 times the disc diameter.

• The concave shape of the discs and their arrangement allow for effective soil mixing and incorporation of crop residues or organic matter into the soil.

Disc plough

Disc ploughing

3. Sub-soil single arm plough (Patashi plough):

Sub-soil single arm plough (Patashi plough)

Sub-soil single arm plough (Patashi plough)

The sub-soil single arm plough, also known as the Patashi plough, is specially designed for heavy soils. It consists of a single adjustable arm with shears at its base, which helps to break the hard pan layer found below the soil surface. By breaking this compacted layer, the plough improves drainage in waterlogged or stagnant soils. It can be inserted up to a depth of 50 cm into the soil and is ideal for creating narrow trenches that are 5 to 7 cm wide. This makes the Patashi plough an effective tool for enhancing soil aeration and water movement in heavy soils.

Points to be noted-

• The sub-soil single arm plough, also called the Patashi plough, is used mainly for heavy soils.

• It has a single adjustable arm with shears at the base.

• This plough is designed to break the hard pan (a compacted soil layer) below the soil surface.

• It helps improve drainage in soils where water tends to stagnate.

• The plough can go as deep as 50 cm into the soil.

• It is most suitable for making narrow trenches, about 5–7 cm wide.

4. Harrows

Harrows

Harrows are important agricultural implements used for preparing a finer soil surface during field preparation. Their main functions include breaking up soil clods, cutting weeds, and pulverising the soil to create a smooth and even seedbed. Harrows are available in different types based on their design and function, such as disc harrows, spike harrows, spring harrows, and blade harrows. Each type is suited for specific soil conditions and tasks, making harrows versatile tools in modern farming for effective seedbed preparation and weed control.

5. Plank

Plank

The plank is connected in the tractor

A plank is a heavy wooden log commonly used in agriculture for compacting and levelling the soil during seed bed and field preparation. It helps create a smooth and even surface, which is essential for successful sowing of seeds. After seeds are sown, planks are also used to cover them properly with soil, ensuring good seed-to-soil contact. Additionally, planks are employed to level the soil surface after ploughing, promoting uniformity and better crop growth conditions.

Points to be noted-

• A plank is a heavy wooden log used in agriculture.

• Its main purpose is compacting and levelling the soil during seed bed and field preparation.

• Planks are used after sowing seeds to cover them properly with soil.

• They are also used to level the soil surface after ploughing.

• Using a plank helps ensure an even seed bed and better seed germination.

• 
  

6. Cultivator

Cultivator

Cultivator is fitted in the tractor

A cultivator is an agricultural tool used to stir and loosen the soil, which helps in breaking up soil clods and destroying weeds. It is mainly used for intermediary ploughing and harrowing between crops to keep the soil in good condition. By using a cultivator, farmers can maintain a good tilth, ensure adequate aeration for plant roots, and reduce water run-off and evaporation losses from the soil. Cultivators come in different types, such as shovel, disc, and blade types, and there are also tine and spike cultivators specifically designed to prepare the soil for planting.

Points to be noted-

• A cultivator is a tool used to stir and loosen the soil.

• It breaks up soil clods and destroys weeds.

• Cultivators are used for intermediary ploughing and harrowing between crops.

• They help maintain good tilth (soil condition), provide adequate aeration, and reduce water run-off and evaporation losses.

• There are different types of cultivators: shovel, disc, and blade types.

• Tine and spike cultivators are also used to prepare the soil for planting.

B. OTHER TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Different tools and equipment, like spades, secateurs, trowels, and spray pumps, are needed for horticultural work. These are divided into hand tools and power equipment. Hand tools are cheaper, useful in small spaces, and can be used for many tasks. Using the right tools helps make farm work easier, faster, and more efficient.

Bill Hook

Bill Hook

A bill hook is a gardening tool with a curved, hook-shaped steel blade and a wooden or plastic handle. It can have one or two sharp edges. The bill hook is mainly used for cutting thick branches and for removing old or dead branches from trees.

Budding-cum-grafting knife

Budding-cum-grafting knife

A budding-cum-grafting knife is a special tool with two foldable blades in one handle—one blade for budding and one for grafting. Both blades are made of strong steel. The working blade is about 6.5–7.5

cm long and 1.5 cm wide. 

Slashing and pruning knives

 

Slashing and pruning knives

Slashing and pruning knives are used to cut and remove unwanted small branches or twigs from plants and trees. The knife has a strong, curved steel blade and a handle made of good wood or plastic. The curved blade helps cut branches easily by pulling the knife.

Secateurs

Secateurs

Secateurs are small cutting tools used for trimming branches, removing shoots and buds, cutting scion sticks, taking leaves off sticks, and trimming small trees. They are also helpful for cutting thin branches about the size of a pencil and making plant cuttings for growing new plants.